Covid-19 pandemisiyle mücadelede görev alan hemşirelerin anılarının öyküleme tekniğiyle incelenmesi
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7077727Anahtar Kelimeler:
COVID-19, hemşire, nitel araştırma, pandemi, öykülemeÖzet
Amaç: COVID-19 hastalarıyla çalışan sağlık çalışanları arasında psikolojik olarak en çok etkilenen grubun hemşireler olduğu biliniyor. Bu çalışmada, pandeminin başlangıcında COVID-19 hizmetlerinde gönüllü olarak çalışan hemşirelerin öznel deneyimlerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Gereç-Yöntem: Araştırma, nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden öyküleme tekniği kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcıların verileri "Hemşire Tanıtıcı Bilgi Formu" ve "Pandemi ile Mücadelede Hemşire Olma Öyküsü Yarı Yapılandırılmış Anket" ile toplanmıştır. Veriler Öykü Değerlendirme Ölçeği kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir.
Bulgular: Araştırmaya yaşları 23-36 arasında değişen üç farklı hastanede çalışan yedi hemşire katılmıştır. Hemşireler, yarar, bireye saygı, eşitlik-adalet, sevgi, şefkat, merhamet duyguları etik değerleri ile iki hafta-17 ay arasında hastalara gönüllü olarak baktıklarını belirtmişlerdir. Hemşirelerin öykülerinde yer alan duygu ifadeleri 'üzüntü (n=3), vicdan azabı, minnet, gurur (n=2), korku (n=4), endişe (n=2), panik, kaygı, tedirginlik’ saptanmıştır. Hemşireler COVID-19 ile mücadelelerinde 'Annelik, Kahramanlık, Hayati Risk, Bomba İmha Ekibi, Cephede Siper Olma, Savaşçı, Yangına Gitme' metaforlarını kullanmışlardır. Hemşireler koruyucu ekipmanla çalışırken terleme, nefes darlığı, iletişimin sınırlanması, bakımın zorlaşması, su alımının azalması gibi sorunlar yaşadıklarını bildirmişlerdir. Aile ve akran desteği, ekip dayanışması, kutsal görevi yerine getirmeye yönelik inanç, telkin ve sabrın başa çıkmayı kolaylaştırdığı bildirilmiştir.
Sonuç: Hemşirelerin psikolojik dayanıklılıklarının artırılması ve siyasi alanda haklarının savunulması gerekmektedir.
Referanslar
Galehdar N, Kamran A, Toulabi T, Heydari H. Exploring nurses’ experiences of psychological distress during care of patients with COVID-19: a qualitative study. BMC Psychiatry. 2020;20(1):489-498. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-020-00516-9
Çevirme A, Kurt A. COVID-19 Pandemisi ve Hemşirelik Mesleğine Yansımaları. Avrasya Sosyal ve Ekonomi Araştırmaları Dergisi. 2020;7(5):46-52.
Turale S, Meechamnan C, Kunaviktikul W. Challenging times: ethics, nursing and the COVID‐19 pandemic. Int Nurs Rev. 2020;67(2):164-167. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12598
Zerbini G, Ebigbo A, Reicherts P, Kunz M, Messman H. Psychosocial burden of healthcare professionals in times of COVID-19- a survey conducted at the University Hospital Augsburg. Ger Med Sci. 2020; 18(05):1-9. https://doi.org/10.3205/000281
Sun N, Wei L, Shi S, Jiao D, Song R, Ma L. et al. A qualitative study on the psychological experience of caregivers of COVID-19 patients. Am J Infect Control. 2020;48(6):592-598. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2020.03.018
Joo JY, Liu MF. Nurses’ barriers to caring for patients with COVID‐19: a qualitative systematic review. Int Nurs Rev. 2021;68(2):202-213. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12648
Salari N, Khazaie H, Hosseinian-Far A, Khaledi-Paveh B, Kazeminia M, Mohammadi M. et al. The prevalence of stress, anxiety and depression within front-line healthcare workers caring for COVID-19 patients: a systematic review and meta-regression. Hum Resour Health. 2020;18(1):1-14. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-020-00544-1
Paterson C, Gobel B, Gosselin T, Haylock PJ, Papadopoulou C, Slusser K. et al. Oncology nursing during a pandemic: critical reflections in the context of COVID-19. Semin Oncol Nurs. 2020;36(3):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soncn.2020.151028
Lai J, Ma S, Wang Y, Cai Z, Hu J, Wei N. et al. Factors associated with mental health outcomes among health care workers exposed to coronavirus disease 2019. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(3):1-12. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976
Arnetz JE, Goetz CM, Arnetz BB, Arble E. Nurse reports of stressful situations during the COVID-19 pandemic: qualitative analysis of survey responses. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(21):1-12. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17218126
XiZhang WR, Wang K, Yin L, Zhao WF, Xue Q, Peng M et al. Mental health and psychosocial problems of medical health workers during the COVID-19 epidemic in China. Psychother Psychosom. 2020; 89(4):242-250. https://doi.org/10.1159/000507639
Aksoy YE, Koçak V. Psychological effects of nurses and midwives due to COVID-19 outbreak: The case of Turkey. Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2020;34(5):427-433. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2020.07.011
Akkuş Y, Karacan Y, Güney R, Kurt B. Experiences of nurses working with COVID‐19 patients: A qualitative study. J Clin Nurs. 00: 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1111/jocn.15979
Lasalvia A, Bonetto C, Porru S, Carta A, Tardivo S, Bovo C et al. Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare workers in a highly burdened area of north-east Italy. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2021;30, e1, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796020001158
Tenny S, Brannan GD, Brannan JM, Sharts-Hopko NC. Qualitative Study. [Internet] Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2017 Dec [cited 2021 Sep]. Available from: https://europepmc.org/article/NBK/nbk470395
Sönmez V, Alacapınar FG. Örneklendirilmiş Bilimsel Araştırma Yöntemleri (5. Ed.). Ankara: Anı Puplishing; 2017. p 80-100.
Kamal SSLA. Research paradigm and the philosophical foundations of a qualitative study. PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences. 2019;4(3):1386-1394. https://dx.doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2019.43.13861394
O’Brien BC, Harris IB, Beckman TJ, Reed DA, Cook DA. Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research.
Acad Med. 2014;89(9):1245-1251. Doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000000388
Dös İ. Aday Öğretmenlerin Müfettişlik Kavramına İlişkin Metafor Algıları. Gaziantep University Journal of Social Sciences. 2010;9(3):607-629.
Küçük S, Demir K, Uludaşdemir D. Determination of the metaphors about nurse perception of 7-17 age hospitalized children and adolescents. Journal of Education and Research in Nursing. 2020;17(1):40-45.
XiZhang Q, Wang X, Cai C. The experience of frontline nurses four months after COVID-19 rescue task in China: A qualitative study.
Arch Psychiatr Nurs. 2021; 35 (4):363-358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2021.05.007
Lie I, Stafseth S, Skogstad L, Hovland IS, Hovde H, Ekeberg Ø, et al. Healthcare professionals in COVID-19-intensive care units in Norway: preparedness and working conditions: a cohort study. BMJ open. 2021;11(10):1-11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049135
Chew NW, Lee GK, Tan BY, Jing M, Goh Y, Ngiam NJ et al. A multinational, multicentre study on the psychological outcomes and associated physical symptoms amongst healthcare workers during COVID-19 outbreak. Brain Behav Immun. 2020; 88:559-565. https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.12752
Kackin O, Ciydem E, Aci OS, Kutlu FY. Experiences and psychosocial problems of nurses caring for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Turkey: A qualitative study. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2021;67(2):158-167. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020942788
Jia Y, Chen O, Xiao Z, Xiao J, Bian J, Jia H. Nurses’ ethical challenges caring for people with COVID-19: a qualitative study. Nurs Ethics. 2021;28(1):33-45. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733020944453
Torrente M, Sousa PA, Sánchez-Ramos A, Pimentao J, Royuela A, Franco F, et al. To burn-out or not to burn-out: a cross-sectional study in healthcare professionals in Spain during COVID-19 pandemic. BMJ open. 2021;11(2):1-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044945
Gordon JM, Magbee T, Yoder LH. The Eexperiences of critical care nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 during the 2020 pandemic: A qualitative study. Appl Nurs Res. 2021; 59: 151418:1-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2021.151418
Ünver S, Yeniğün SC. COVID-19 fear level of surgical nurses working in pandemic and surgical units. J Perianesth Nurs. 2021;36(6):711-716. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jopan.2021.04.014
Chau JPC, Lo SHS, Saran R, Leung CHY, Lam SKY, Thompson DR. Nurses’ experiences of caring for people with COVID-19 in Hong Kong: a qualitative enquiry. BMJ Open. 2021;11(8):1-9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052683
Khatatbeh M, Alhalaiqa F, Khasawneh A, Al-Tammemi AAB, Khatatbeh H, Alhassoun S, et al. The experiences of nurses and physicians caring for COVID-19 patients: findings from an exploratory phenomenological study in a high case-load country. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(17): 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179002
Karimi Z, Fereidouni Z, Behnammoghadam M, Alimohammadi N, Mousavizadeh A, Salehi T et al. The lived experience of nurses caring for patients with COVID-19 in Iran: a phenomenological study. Risk Manag Healthc Policy. 2020;13:1271-1278. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP,S258785
Sarnkhaowkhom C, Promkanya A, Pomisrikeaw S, Ritthapanya N. “Novice nurse and novel coronavirus” experiences of novice nurses caring for patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Thailand. Nursing Open. 2021; 00:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1002/nop2.996
Widiasih R, Ermiati Emaliyawati E, Hendrawati S, Susanti RD, Sutini T, Sari CWM. Nurses’ actions to protect their families from COVID-19: A descriptive qualitative study. Glob Qual Nurs Res. 2021; 8:1-8. https://doi.org/10.1177/23333936211014851
İndir
Yayınlanmış
Nasıl Atıf Yapılır
Sayı
Bölüm
Lisans
Telif Hakkı (c) 2022 Journal of Social and Analytical Health
Bu çalışma Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License ile lisanslanmıştır.